Masses of Hadrons, Tetraquarks, and Pentaquarks Through a Tsallis-Entropy Approach in the MIT Bag Model

Abstract

We propose a new approach to describe hadrons and new forms of quark matter in the MIT bag model. The proposal is an extension that integrates a Tsallis nonextensive statistics description of quarks and gluons and is shown to capture the main features underlying mass spectroscopy. While the traditional bag model successfully accounts for the masses of light hadrons, it has not been widely used to describe exotic quark configurations. We compute the system’s internal energy and derive expressions for hadronic masses, showing how they depend on the Tsallis parameter. The model reasonably reproduces known mass spectra of conventional hadrons and naturally extends to exotic states such as tetraquarks and pentaquarks. Additionally, we provide estimates of hadron radii within this framework. Our results suggest that nonextensive statistics provide a meaningful generalization of the bag model, capturing both conventional and exotic features of hadronic matter within a unified formalism.