Environmental impact of wine fermentation in steel and concrete tanks
Fecha
2020-08-10Autor
García-Alcaraz, Jorge Luis
Flor Montalvo, Francisco
Martinez Camara, Eduardo
Jimenez Macias, Emilio
Blanco Fernandez, Julio
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Wine industries commonly use concrete and stainless-steel tanks in fermentation, but the selection of a
container depends on factors such as price, installation costs, requirements, maintenance costs, and
monitorability. However, nowadays environmental protection trends seek to care for the environment
along the entire value chain, consequently, making industries more responsible for managing aspects,
such as pollutant emissions, resource consumption, and energy consumption. This paper reports a
comparative cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of the two most common types of containers for wine
fermentation, i.e. stainless-steel tanks and concrete tanks. The present study estimates the environmental
impact from building, installation, and dismantling of tanks to analyse the environmental impact
from alcoholic fermentation and malolactic fermentation. Results indicate that building the tank e either
out of concrete or stainless steel e has a high impact on the environment, for instance, in terms of global
warming impact per liter of wine 6.03E-02 kg CO2 equivalent from steel tank or 1.31E-02 kg CO2
equivalent from concrete tank (ratio is 4.6). In addition, the building stage in a concrete tank has the
highest environmental impact due to the concrete consumption and low recycling rate, while in
stainless-steel tank, the fermentation stage is the highest environmental impact mainly due to direct CO2
emissions and because it has a high recycling rate.
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