Documentation for the Preservation of the Cultural Landscape of the Cave Valley in Casas Grandes, Chihuahua

Abstract

Documentation in the small and dark space of the cliff dwelling site is challenging. The aim of this study is to define a methodology and logistics for the detailed documentation of constructions in caves through the case study of the archaeological site of Cueva de la Olla, located in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental in the municipality of Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, México. An inexpensive and adaptable methodology will make it possible to document a large number of similar cases found throughout the mountains. The process and results of the different surveying methods used in the field have allowed us to evaluate the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each method. Conventional hand survey requires more time in the field, the number of draftsmen and the time needed to digitize the field drawings but can produce high-quality interpreted drawings in analogue format in a relatively short time, helping to understand the current detailed state of conservation of the archaeological features. Documentation using close-range photogrammetry reduces both the time spent in the field and the time spent at the desk by providing three-dimensional data that enables spatial recognition. The combination of different methods complements the requirements of the desired result. The detailed documentation products will provide sufficient information for future conservation planning as well as deepening the understanding of the archaeological site.