Viruses in Simuliidae: An Updated Systematic Review of Arboviral Diversity and Vector Potential
Fecha
2025-05-19Autor
Rodríguez-Alarcón, Carlos Arturo
Garza Hernandez, Javier Alfonso
250984
Rivera-Martínez, Alejandra
Laredo-Tiscareño, S. Viridiana
Adame-Gallegos, Jaime R.
de Luna-Santillana, Erick de Jesús
García-Rejón, Julián E.
Casas-Martínez, Mauricio
250984
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Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are important vectors of pathogens, including
filarial nematodes, protozoans, and arboviruses, which significantly impact human and
animal health. Although their role in arbovirus transmission has not been as thoroughly
studied as that of mosquitoes and ticks, advances in molecular tools, particularly metagenomics,
have enabled the identification of non-cultivable viruses, significantly enhancing
our understanding of black-fly-borne viral diversity and their public and veterinary health
implications. However, these methods can also detect insect-specific viruses (i.e., viruses
that are unable to replicate in vertebrate hosts), which may lead to the incorrect classification
of black flies as potential vectors. This underscores the need for further research into
their ecological and epidemiological roles. This systematic review, conducted following the
PRISMA protocol, compiled and analyzed evidence on arbovirus detection in Simuliidae
from scientific databases. Several arboviruses were identified in these insects, including
vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype (VSVNJ), Venezuelan equine encephalitis
virus (VEEV), and Rift Valley fever virus. Additionally, in vitro studies evaluating the
vector competence of Simuliidae for arboviruses such as dengue virus, Murray Valley encephalitis
virus, and Sindbis virus were reviewed. These findings provide critical insights
into the potential role of black flies in arbovirus transmission cycles, emphasizing their
importance as vectors in both public and veterinary health contexts.
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