Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health

Abstract

Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.