Leptin levels and Q223R leptin receptor gene polymorphism in obese Mexican young adults

Abstract

Introduction: The Q223R polymorphism of the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene is one of the most common polymorphisms and it is believed to be associated with a damaged capacity of LEPR signaling and with high circulating leptin levels. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, where a sample of young adult participants (ranging from 18 to 30 years of age) was obtained. They were classified based on the results of body mass index: non-obese, and overweight/ obese. The polymorphic variant was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from the DNA sample and serum leptin levels were measured by EnzymeLinked Immuno Sorbent Assay Results: A total of 159 participants were included (nonobese, n=103; overweight/obese, n=56). Leptin levels were 15.14±12.3 ng/mL in the non-obese group and 26.13±19.0 ng/mL in the overweight/ obese group (p≤0.001). The allelic frequencies of the Q and R alleles of the LEPR gene in the studied subjects were as follows: non-obese, Q=0.56, R=0.44; overweight/obese, Q=0.62, R=0.38. The relative risk for the Q/Q genotype was 1.18 (CI 0.53-2.34), for Q/R was 1.14 (CI 0.59-2.18) and for R/R was 0.59 (CI 0.23-1.50). Conclusions: This study shows that leptin levels are associated with overweight/obesity in Mexican young adults, but this is not related to the presence of the Q223R polymorphism in the LEPR gene, so the underlying mechanisms for a possible disturbance in leptin signaling in obese Mexican young adults await further studies.